Romeo and Juliet Character Sketch - Juliet Essay Example for Free

Romeo and Juliet Character Sketch Juliet Essay Juliet Capulet is one of the main characters in Romeo and Juliet, a famous play written by Shakespeare. Juliet is a beautiful, young 13 year old girl. Despite her age, she is pressured from the very beginning of the play to get married, preferably to a young nobleman named Paris who is a relative of the Prince of Verona. During the opening scenes of the play, Juliet seems to be an obedient and naà ¯ve child who always obeys her parents wishes. However, throughout the play we see Juliets sense of independence develop when she makes the outrageous decision to marry Romeo behind her parents backs, and fake her own death. She evolves into someone who is capable of making their own decisions; however her actions are also defiant and rebellious. Juliet is a 13 year old teenager, who will be 14 years old on July 31st, also known as Lammas Eve. I imagine that due to her young age and wealthy family that Juliet is a very small, dainty, well-kept and polished teenaged girl. Juliets appearance is not described in detail in the play, however in Romeos soliloquy at the beginning of Act 2, Scene 2, he describes Juliet as bright when he says It is the east, and Juliet is the sun. Referring to her as the sun is a metaphor for her being bright. He gets more in depth and describes her as a fair sun in line 4. Therefore, I imagine she has pale, white skin. Romeo also says in Act 2, scene 2 The brightness of her cheek would shame those stars which proves that she has pink rosy cheeks. Romeos soliloquy in Act 2, scene 2 proves what a beautiful, bright, and fair young girl Juliet is. However, dont be fooled by her dainty appearance; Juliets actions throughout the play would paint a different, more mischievous picture of her in your mind. Juliets actions change quite drastically throughout the play. At the beginning of Romeo and Juliet, Juliet seems to be a very obedient teenager who follows her parents orders and does not stand up for what she really wants. For example, in Act 1, scene 3, Lady Capulet asks Juliet Can you like of Paris love? Juliet is quick to agree with her mother by saying: Ill look to like, if looking liking move. This proves that Juliet is naively obedient, and will do as her parents say even if what they want for  her is not what she wants. Juliet has given no thought to the idea of marriage, especially to Paris since she is only 13 years old and does not know him, yet she follows her parents orders to give him a chance. However, after Juliet meets Romeo at the ball, her obedience and loyalty to her family dwindles away. Juliet begins to disobey her family, and evolves into someone who can make their own decisions, whether they are good or bad. She falls in love with Romeo; a Montague, a member of the Capulets feuding family. She makes plans to marry him the day after she meets him without telling her parents and they spend their wedding night together in her room at the Capulet mansion. This shows that she is rebelling against her parents by marrying someone from the feuding family, and someone who is not Paris. Furthermore, Juliet makes another defiant decision towards the end of the play. When Lady Capulet tells Juliet about her wedding arrangements with Paris in Act 3, scene 5, Juliet adamantly and angrily refuses the proposal by yelling He shall not make me there a joyful bride. Shortly after Juliets argument with her mother and father about the wedding, the nurse suggests that Juliet marry Paris to please her parents. Juliet does not take the nurses advice and responds with Ill to the friar, to know his remedy; if all else fail, myself have power to die. Juliet takes matters into her own hands and is finally standing up for what she wants. She is not letting her parents or even the nurse influence her decisions anymore. All of these actions show Juliets maturity, and growing sense of independence, but also her new defiant, disobedient ways. Juliet is quite a courageous, passionate, and dramatic person. Throughout the play, Juliet deals with emotional situations quite dramatically and is quick to make drastic decisions on impulse. For example, the second Juliet lays eyes on Romeo, and in their next few encounters, she is so very passionate about how she feels about him. In Act 2, scene 2, she expresses how much she loves him, which may seem overly dramatic since she barely knows him. Juliet makes the impulsive decision to marry Romeo, without really thinking it through which shows how quick she is to make drastic decisions. Juliet makes an extremely courageous and very risky decision in Act 4, scene 3. She decides to take the poison Friar Laurence made for her which will knock her unconscious for 42 hours, despite all of her worries about it not working or  possibly killing her. She takes the poison because she is so passionate about being with Romeo that she would do anything, even fake her death in order to be free of her family and able to leave Verona to be with him. Despite Juliets young age, she is truly a brave and passionate girl who does not let anything stop her from getting what she wants. Furthermore, one of the major events of the play takes place in Act 5, scene 3 when Juliet stabs herself with a dagger after waking up to find Romeo lying dead beside her. Juliet makes the drastic decision to end her own life after finding Romeo dead. This shows her fast decision making skills, and also her passion and love for Romeo. She did not kill herself out of weakness from what she had just seen, but because she would not feel right living without the man that she loves so deeply. Killing yourself out of passion for another human being shows extreme courage and bravery which Juliet has plenty of. Although Juliet is portrayed as a naà ¯ve 13 year old girl at the beginning of the play, Shakespeare made it a very prominent part of Romeo and Juliet to show how Juliet evolves into an independent, brave and passionate young woman. She begins to rebel like most teenagers do and defies her parents, but nonetheless she did it to stand up for what she wants and believes in and I think that shows extreme courage, bravery, and independence.

Corporate Social Responsibility Essay Example for Free

Corporate Social Responsibility Essay QUESTION 1 A INTRODUCTION â€Å"The best and most successful organisations recognise that they will only prosper in the long term if they satisfy the aspirations of their stakeholders; including customers, suppliers, employees, local communities, investors, governments, public interest and environment groups. To satisfy this intense scrutiny and the demands for greater accountability in society, businesses and other organisations are increasingly recognising the need to measure, track and report on their social and ethical performance.† Ethics in purchasing and supply management can relate to a wide range of issues from doubts about suppliers business procedures and practices to corruption. Decisions on ethics and corporate social responsibility are at the heart of corporate strategy. They particularly influence the purpose of the organisation. By ethics and corporate social responsibility is meant the standards and conduct that an organisation sets itself in its dealings within the organisation and outside with its environment. Ethics is particularly concerned with the basic standards for the conduct of business affairs for example, policy with regard to honesty, health and safety and corrupt practice. Corporate social responsibility has a wider remit to include the organisation’s responsibility beyond the minimum to its employees and those outside the organisation. Topics will vary with each organisation but may include environmental ‘green’ issues, treatment of employees and suppliers, charitable work and other matters related to the local or national community not conforming to approved standards of social or professional behavior; unethical business practices QUESTION 1 B INTRODUCTION The Chartered Institute of Management defines codes of ethics as a set of principles or values, used by organizations to steer the conduct of both the organization itself and its employees, in all their business activities, both internal and in relation to the outside world. Ethical codes go further than most policy statements in that they are focused on matters of right and wrong rather than just on standards of behavior and applies individually as well as collectively to the organsation’s members, and affects its internal affairs as well as those with its external stakeholders. Code of Ethics in Relation to Internal Issue This is a code that applies to all employees involved in the purchasing process within Kyerico. In addition to full compliance with the Kyerico’s General Business Principles, all affected employees shall: 1. ACT HONESTLY AND ETHICALLY * Carry out their duties in an honest and ethical way by ensuring that business policies and practices are aligned with ethical principles. * Maintain the confidentiality of privileged information acquired in the course of their work, except when disclosure has been authorized or is legally obliged. * Act in good faith, responsible, with due care, competence and diligence, without allowing one’s independent judgment to be subordinated. Provide information that is true and not designed to mislead. * Clearly communicate ethical expectations to those with whom they work. * Refrain from using or appearing to use confidential information acquired in the course of one’s work for unethical or illegal advantage either personally or through third parties. * Ensure the integrity of records; including documenting obtained discounts in a proper form. 2. AVOID CONFLICTS OF INTEREST * Avoid actual or apparent conflicts of interest between personal and professional relationships. No actions should be taken and interests outside Kyerico should be avoided that may make it difficult to perform his or her company work objectively and effectively. No direct or indirect financial interest in a supplier or competing company is allowed. * The acceptance of gifts or personal favors of commercial value is not acceptable, which includes invitations to sporting or social events. It is to be made clear to third parties that personal favors can only influence the business relationship negatively and that business decisions are based solely on benefits to Kyerico and not on considerations of past or future personal gain. 3. FOLLOW A FAIR PROCESS TO SELECT SUPPLIERS AND AWARD BUSINESS TO SUPPLIERS * Support the principle of fair competition as a basis for selecting suppliers and awarding business to suppliers. * While considering the advantages to Kyerico of maintaining a continuing relationship with a supplier, avoid any arrangement that could, in the long term, prevent the effective cooperation of fair competition. * Fully comply with the internal purchasing process of purchase requests and purchase orders when awarding business to a supplier. No purchase will be done without a purchase order. * Not share information related to quotes from suppliers with any other supplier at any time. 4. SELECT SUPPLIERS THAT COMPLY WITH HIGH ETHICAL STANDARDS * Select suppliers and award business to suppliers that are committed to act fairly and with integrity towards their stakeholders and that duly observe the applicable rules of the law of the countries they operate in. * Terminate the relationship with suppliers that do not adhere to general Kyerico’s policies for suppliers, like the child labor and forced labor policies. Code of Ethics in Relation to External Issues This is a code that applies to all suppliers dealing with Kyerico. In addition to full compliance with the Kyerico’s General Business Principles, all affected suppliers shall: 5. CHILD LABOUR SHALL NOT BE USED * There shall be no new recruitment of child labour. * Suppliers shall develop or participate in and contribute to policies and programmes which provide for the transition of any child found to be performing child labour to enable her or him to attend and remain in quality education until no longer a child. * Children and young persons under 18 shall not be employed at night or in hazardous conditions. * These policies and procedures shall conform to the provisions of the relevant ILO standards. 6. NO DISCRIMINATION IS PRACTICED * There is no discrimination in hiring, compensation, access to training, promotion, termination or retirement based on race, caste, national origin, religion, age, disability, gender, marital status, sexual orientation, union membership or political affiliation. 7. LIVING WAGES ARE PAID * Wages and benefits paid for a standard working week meet, at a minimum, national legal standards or industry benchmark standards, whichever is higher. In any event wages should always be enough to meet basic needs and to provide some discretionary income. * All workers shall be provided with written and understandable Information about their employment conditions in respect to wages before they enter employment and about the particulars of their wages for the pay period concerned each time that they are paid. * Deductions from wages as a disciplinary measure shall not be permitted nor shall any deductions from wages not provided for by national law be permitted without the expressed permission of the worker concerned. All disciplinary measures should be recorded. * Employment practices such as training or apprenticeship wages, pre-employment fees, deposits, or other practices that effectively lower an employees pay below the legal minimum wage are not permitted. 8. SUPPLIERS’ TREATMENT OF EMPLOYEES * Under no circumstances should suppliers abuse or intimidate, in any fashion, employees * Any disciplinary measures should be recorded. * Suppliers should have a grievance/appeal procedure that is clear, easy to understand and should be given to the employee in writing. * In the event that suppliers employees are unable to read, the grievance/appeal procedure should be read and explained to them by a union representative or another appropriate third party 9. WORKING CONDITIONS ARE SAFE AND HYGIENIC * Suppliers shall provide a safe and hygienic working environment, bearing in mind the prevailing knowledge of the industry and of any specific hazards. Adequate steps shall be taken to prevent accidents and injury to health arising out of, associated with, or occurring in the course of work, by minimising, so far as is reasonably practicable, the causes of hazards inherent in the working environment. * Workers shall receive regular and recorded health and safety training, and such training shall be repeated for new or reassigned workers. * Suppliers shall ensure access to clean toilet facilities and to potable water, and, if appropriate, sanitary facilities for food storage shall be provided. * Accommodation, where provided, shall be clean, safe, and meet the basic needs of the workers. * The supplier observing the code shall assign responsibility for health and safety to a senior management representative. 10. HEALTH AND SAFETY * Suppliers shall ensure a safe and healthy workplace and provide a written safety and health policies and procedures that minimize negative impacts on the workplace environment, reduce work-related injury and illness, and promote the general health of employees. * Suppliers must provide training and adequate equipment to ensure workplace safety practices. * Suppliers should assign responsibility for health and safety to a senior management representative * Suppliers should have appropriate health and safety policies and procedures and these should be demonstrable in the workplace QUESTION 2 Purchase management is the maintenance of an efficient supply chain (from raw materials to manufacturing to customers). It also involves several functions including: finding suppliers, estimating the cost of materials, contracting with suppliers, purchasing materials, negotiating, handling purchasing problems and maintaining purchase records. It is also responsible for controlling the cost of the goods ordered, controlling inventory levels and building strong relationships with suppliers. Employees who serve in this function are known as buyers, purchasing agents, or supply managers There are two major types of purchasing: purchasing for resale (retail and wholesale businesses) and purchasing for consumption (industrial businesses). Effective purchase management is essential to keeping the costs of developing products low and ensuring the development process is fast and productive. Because the process of developing products is so expensive, purchasing must be carefully managed and constantly improved. Several factors are key to effective purchasing management. Among these are: skilled purchasers, cost-effective, quality materials and reliable suppliers.

Causes of Maori Health Inequalities and Policies for Change

Causes of Maori Health Inequalities and Policies for Change Managing Organizational Equality and Diversity Introduction For the past years, there had been a debate about the congruity in health between Maoris and non-Maoris in the colonial history of New Zealand. There are variations worldwide in the health of aboriginal people considering their historical, political, economic and social situations. An analytical review of the key literature concerning historical, social, economic and political processes will be discussed here. This led to the inequalities and incongruity in the Maori and non-Maori health conditions. [1] The health of the aboriginal people certainly affected by the invasion of the non native people which includes several components which are connected with changes related to socioeconomic and cultural differences, heathcare availability, life styles, inequality, and inevitable change in a specific environment and their mutual intercommunication. An example to this is the Maoris who were the native people of the New Zealand. Researchers states that there had been a considerable variation between the Maori and non Maori life span considering the health policies and health care designs as per the socioeconomic and values of the people not residing there. Presently, our focus will be in the health realities of the group namely Maori and resolve how these factors affected to the inequality and disparities in Maori and non-Maori health conditions. The New Zealand settlement: Polynesian Era The initial settlement of New Zealand took place around 1280 CE. It was found by the Polynesians as they were the ocean navigators and astronomers. The time from about 1280 to about 1450 is usually called the Moa hunter period. People became more settled, contented and less nomadic when they reached 18th century. They also developed several strategies to cook and cultivate and process food as well. Classical and indigenous Maori used to believe that having diseases means being punished or being cursed for leaving the group or tribe but later on the eventually found that the disease rooted from the family. Aside Phthisis, the chronic disorders like Tuberculosis and Leprosy were the common diseases found in colonizing Polynesians in that period. Isolating the diseased is the standard practice to save the patient and also the community from the contaminable disease. The New Zealand settlement: The Treaty of Waitangi 1000 years ago, Maori travelled through the Pacific Ocean and arrived to New Zeland from Polynesian. The communication between Maori and Europeans occurred in around 1800. In 1840 the Treaty of Waitangi the founding document of New Zealand and a formal agreement for British settlement with a assurance of protection of Maori interests was signed between British crown and some of the Maori leaders. It is through the treaty that Maori were going to have their unique rights as a native people of New Zealand. The treaty’s was assigned to save and preserve the well-being of all citizens and settlers and its health implications to the equity and participation of the people and the government.[2] Health Status of Maori The Effect of colonization on Maori Maori encountered a epidemiological transition because of the consequence of colonization on their diseases and death rates in which diseases of old age and lifestyle change infections as the primary cause of death. The Effect of European contact on Maori life expectancy Maori life expectancy at the era of Captain James Cook’s visits to New Zealand was greater than that in Britain between 1769 and 1777. The researches implied that Maori may have had a life expectancy at birth or more than compared to the people of Britain. After the communication with the European, however there was a considerable deterioration in Maori life expectancy. Maori peoplehad an estimated life expectancy of only 25 and 23 years respectively By 1891.[3] Population decline phase The population of Maori is estimated to be around eighty thousand in the beginnings of the 18th century having a population of about two thousand colonist. There was a large incursion of the intruders in 1958 after the signing of the treaty. After that, an increasing number of colonist found the two groups both numbering approximately equal number of fifty nine thousand. By 1901, the country’s demographics had exaggeratedly change with the population of settlers outnumbering the Maori. Musket warfare and The Effect of introduced diseases In the same era, warfare caused about 700 death per year but this is lesser compared to the deaths caused by secondary infections. Maoris weren’t resistant to acute infections although they were carrying chronic disorders, so newly introduced illness that were ordinary in Europe such as measles, whooping cough and mumps took a fast track among Maori. They influenced both elders and children with disappointing results. There had been a lot of reported deaths of Maori in the 19th century because of respiratory diseases specifically bronchitis along with tuberculosis. Loss of Maori land There was a displacement of large numbers of Maori because of the requisition of their lands in 1869s wars, British crown purchase and the greater demand and pressure over the government workers for selling Maori lands by using hook or crook process. Clarifying Health Disparities William’s basic cause model shows a conceptual process to show why inequities exist. It is useful in examining the part of the different factors in being mentioned above. Therefore, this will be used in showing possible reasons why Maori are influenced more by diseases more than their non Maori counterpart. [4] As from the above chart it can seen that a number of different elaborations have been suggested as a causative mechanisms for the inequalities in health between Maoris and non-Maoris. Broadly we can categorize these into genetic and non-genetic factors. Genetic factors It was recently suggested that these discovered differences are due to genetic factors. Genetic factors do not appear to have a major contribute in population and public health although it has a little contribution in health status. Non Genetic factors The non genetic elaborations regarding factors effecting Maori and non Maori heath can be classified into the following sections magnifying socioeconomic factors, lifestyle factors, political approach and access to health care, and inequalities.. Socioeconomic Factors Social Determinants of Health Factors like cultural, social and economic that influence health are usually reported as the Social determinants of health. The lifestyle and condition of people living and working directly affects their health ad life expectancy. [5] The Vicious Cycle of Disadvantage The above cycle shows that there is a well established link between poverty and poor health. People having lower socio economic status are more likely to have worse reported health higher rates of disability, morbidity and mortality because of different diseases and several injuries. And this happens to be the cause of having repetitive cycle that gives disadvantages in a lot of aspects of life including health. This cycle influenced the health of Maori in every aspect of their evolution. Level of income and its effect on health regains This is a very basic factor that defines the ease of the basic pre requisites for health. Several studies have shown increasing morbidity and mortality with increasing deprivation. However, lowering of Maori health status is only little explained by relative socioeconomic disadvantage and Maori mortality rates have been demonstrated to be consistently high even after control for social factors responsible. The table below shows an example of such difference and comparison. Smith and Pearce Data comparing social, life style and Disease associated factors accountable for the downfall of the health of Maori people (1974 to 1978) over non Maori Determinants factors affecting health status of Maori and non Maori males Difference between Maori and non Maori male mortality rates (%) Socioeconomic factors 20 Life style factors Smoking 15 Alcohol 10 Obesity 05 Accidents 17 Diseases associated factors 35 Life Style factors The table above shows that different life style factors like smoking and engaging to alcohol can also be one of the mechanisms on the socio economic factors that influence health status. However, when interpreting, it is necessary to consider the extent to which different life style may account for differences in health status of Mauri and non-Maori people. As for example the recent national surveys have shown the fallowing resultspresented in the form of a table given below. Concerned people class In (%) Rate of smoking Obesity Hypertension Maori Men 53 47 46 Women 53 39 50 Non Maori Men 20 17 43 Women 20 21 38 Nonetheless, there also other factors like, gender oriented, political, psychological and environmental factors equally participate in the decreasing health of Maori and non-Maori as can be seen from the chart below. Political approach to Maori and non-Maori Health Access to the Health Care According to the hon, Annette King(Minister of Health), the developments in Maori ealth status are important and that Maori on the average have the least health profile of any group in New Zealand. The government has addressed the focus of giving importance to Maori to Maori health gain and improvement by recognizing a need to decrease and eventually eliminate health inequalities that does not affect Maori positively.[6] [7] As written in the bar graph above, researchers suggest that a particular proportion of the excess mortality among Maoris community from diseases for which effective health care is available showing differences in access to health care. Various researches showed that a large number of Maori adults have problems in having important care in their local area, as compared with of non-Maoris. Maoris were twice as non-Maoris in terms of not having much of health care in the past year due to the cost of such care. Shown from the table below, in a whole range of perspective, the ratio of high income to low income households we can say that the profit inequalities are increasing. Discrimination Health inequalities Professor Blakely states that while in New Zealand rates are good considering different aspects of everyday life, social injustice is killing people on a large scale, health inequalities within the ethnic groups remain large and those between socioeconomic groups and regions are the same with those of other developed countries. Maori health inequalities Even though overall hospital discharges maori rates continue to be about twice as higher than non-Maori. There has been a tenacious addition in life expectancy among Maoris since the 1950s, but recent results states that a wide range between Maoris and non-Maoris. For example from the table below, we can get relevant information and compare the maori and non-Maori life expectancies in specific years. Life expectancy at birth Maori Non Maori Male Female Male Female 1986 1984 64.6 69.6 70.9 77.2 1996 1999 65.8 71.0 75.7 80.8 Pacific health inequalities The techniques and rules for Pacific Health promotion is traditionally inappropriate approach to specific people. The programs that should be introduced are those that doesn’t take for granted the social and cultural contexts of the people if we don’t suppose to be targeting the failure. There had been evidences that prove that culturally interventions improved. The evidence says that there were the times when the pacific health condition was even worse than the Maori health status as shown in the table below. We can see the information as shown above by Craig et al, 2007. It obviously shows us the picture of increased rate ratios of respiratory disorders for particular people. Similarly the chart below shows the focus on the hospitalization rates in a particular year and thereby signifying the deranged health condition of the pacific people in some phases in the past. Asian health inequalities Dr. Kawshi De Silva, the chairperson of the asian health Foundation says the policy would be void for the health of Asian people in New Zealand if there are no proper remarks to consider or manipulate Asian people when having a study or postulating policy. Asian health seem to have a little part in the health system outside the control of reference for the majority organizations providing public and personal health services. With the particular issues to Asian migrants, they also have to catch up with the problems being encountered from low paid work or long term employment..[8] A changing trend towards the Health for All The New Zealand’s national health care system was built with its objectives to provide free or low cost medical care to be delivered by the professionals. To deliver such primary and secondary healthcare and following steps were further tackled, (1) the era of Maori health care provider services and (2) the introduction of cultural safety education (3) DHB initiatives. Maori Health Care Providers and DHB Initiatives The provision of services and organizations and clubs that particularly contain Maori people and who can be exercised to acquire skills that will give them chance to serve their community in a good, disciplined and planned manner. The employment of basically Maori staff that is more likely to have access to Maori consumers in their communities, and active inclusion of the community in the planning and delivery of services. To develop the quality of result the number of Maori health providers increased in 2004. But these providers have encountered a number of trials in terms of lack of good primary health data. Also due to the Maori providers service primarily with families with high levels of need in terms of health services, addition on the costs are expected if health gains are to be achieved, and funders must take this situation into account.[9] Cultural Safety Education The idea or the concept of cultural safety depends on how it is being recognized, respected, and acknowledged considering the rights, customs and traditions of others. Encountering the practice of cultural safety, they should relate to other person in such a way that the person feels at ease or without restrictions in terms of their culture differences like values and customs. They felt they needed to develop the cultural safety because the Maori people weren’t able to ask for help in terms of care from the monoculture nonresident personnel’s clinic where they found it very hard to relate, adjust and communicate about what they feel and what they believe about their health and illness, death and dying, bodily modesty and gender roles. It was developed with a goal to develop health esults for Maori who were lagging behind in terms of health gains as compared to non Maori. The cultural safety in nursing now carries a broader and critical sense and meaning for health professionals in not only developing the health of Maori but also fro the training of health professionals for a better nursing for all. It brings critical awareness and concerns in terms of social and economic sector as well as varied cultiure. Through the development of the system in Maori service, they have also put emphasis on improving Maoris’ access to mainstream services. This also serves as an educational blueprint built to mutually understand the relationships between health professionals and those they serve. The initiative has been taught in nursing and midwifery programs since 1992 and it is now a requirement for nursing and midwifery registration examinations in New Zealand.[10] CONCLUSIONS To conclude, there are a lot of injustice that led to sufferings and inequalities in health between Maoris and non-Maoris have been reported for an entire period of the colonial history of New Zealand. On the other hand, there are also improvements but still it is not enough to fill the gap. It is suggested to have approaches to cope up with this. [11] The recent health programs and policies or rules are built to enhance health care access and the starting of cultural safety along with the DHB initiatives are taking a multi cultural approach that guides both the development of Maori provider services and the development of mainstream services through provision of culturally safe care. The strength behind the recent initiatives described here came from the poor health status of the native people of the New Zealand and their clear approach for developed health services. Maori provider organizations and cultural safety education and DHB initiatives are examples that have joined forces recently to vanquish the not only to upcoming government policies that have been presented to promote the health conditions of indigenous peoples but also to each and every healthcare professionals to be open minded and open for a change so that they will be able to adjust their personality or perception for the greater good that everyone expects to follow. Bibliography References from www.google.com Ellison-Loschmann, L., Pearce, N. (2006, April). APHA. Promoting public health research, policy practice and education: Improving access to healthcare among new Zealand maori population. Am J Public Health, 96(4), 612-617. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2005.070680 Maori culture.Wikipedia Pool, I.(2012, July). Death rates and life expectancies: Effects of colonisation on maori. The encyclopedia of New Zealand. Retrieved from http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/death-rates-and-life-expectancy/page-4 Lloyd, D.,Newell, S. Dietrich, C. U.(2004). Health inequalities: A review of the literature. Southern cross university. [emailprotected] Nursing Council of New Zealand. (2011). Guidelines for cultural safety, the treaty of Waitangi, and maori health in nursing education and practice. Wellington 6011. ISBN 978-0-908662-38-8 Story ethnic inequalities. The encyclopedia of New Zealand. Retrieved from http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/graph/29611/mortality-rates-for-males-by-ethnicity Public health association of NZ. (2008, Oct). PHA NEWS, 9(4). Retrieved from http://journal.nzma.org.nz/journal/121-1281/3235/ Robjcarr.(2012, August). Williams basic cause model: Equity and Inequalities in New Zealand health. Retrieved from http://robjcarr.wordpress.com/page/2/ Online Internet Articles. [1]RazasHumanas: Los alawa y los indegenasaustralianos.Retrieved from http://petalofucsia.blogia.com/temas/razas-humanas.php [2] Ellison-Loschmann, L., Pearce, N. (2006, April). APHA. Promoting public health research, policy practice and education: Improving access to healthcare among new Zealand maori population. Am J Public Health, 96(4), 612-617. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2005.070680 [3] Pool, I.(2012, July). Death rates and life expectancies: Effects of colonisation on maori. The encyclopedia of New Zealand. Retrieved from http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/death-rates-and-life-expectancy/page-4 [4]Robjcarr.(2012, August). Williams basic cause model: Equity and Inequalities in New Zealand health. Retrieved from http://robjcarr.wordpress.com/page/2/ [5]Lloyd, D.,Newell, S. Dietrich, C. U.(2004). Health inequalities: A review of the literature. Southern cross university. [emailprotected] [6] Nursing Council of New Zealand. (2011). Guidelines for cultural safety, the treaty of Waitangi, and maori health in nursing education and practice. Wellington 6011. ISBN 978-0-908662-38-8 [7] Story ethnic inequalities. The encyclopedia of New Zealand. Retrieved from http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/graph/29611/mortality-rates-for-males-by-ethnicity [8] Public health association of NZ. (2008, Oct). PHA NEWS, 9(4). Retrieved from http://journal.nzma.org.nz/journal/121-1281/3235/ [9] Ellison-Loschmann, L., Pearce, N. (2006, April). APHA. Promoting public health research, policy practice and education: Improving access to healthcare among new Zealand maori population. Am J Public Health, 96(4), 612-617. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2005.070680 [10] Nursing Council of New Zealand. (2011). Guidelines for cultural safety, the treaty of Waitangi, and maori health in nursing education and practice. Wellington 6011. ISBN 978-0-908662-38-8 [11] Maori culture. Maori culture listening. Retrieved from http://www.whakatane.info/activities/maori-culture

The Cost-Benefit Analysis of Solar Energy Essay -- alternative energy,

In recent decades, much debate has ensued about the vast amount of natural resources and ecological services society depletes. Moreover, the debate has evaluated how society depletes these natural resources at a faster rate than the environment can replenish. It also assesses how society can mitigate these environmental issues in order to preserve our natural resources for the prosperity of future generations. Research suggests that the natural resources we currently use, such as coal and petroleum, could be fully depleted within the next 25 and 100 years respectively (Byrd, 2012). Given that society has a tendency to over-consume natural resources, many economists have suggested that the use of alternative energy could alleviate the effects of overconsumption and the environment's ability to replenish. Therefore, this study evaluates the potential of solar energy (SE) on society and the environment by evaluating a cost-benefit analysis between solar energy technology (SET) and conve ntional energy resources. Electricity and The Call for Solar Technology: Research on conventional energy resources has shown that the demand of electricity has drastically increased in recent decades, and will continue to increase in the future (Zweibel, 2010). Moreover, by evaluating business as usual models, where the annual growth rate of demand for electricity ranges from 2% and 3.2%, research has suggested that annual world demand for electricity will soar from around 20 trillion kWh (kilowatts) in 2010 to 60 trillion kWh in 2050 and 200 trillion kWh by 2100. Additionally, the average growth rate of renewable resources has only increased about 1.6% per annum, in comparison to the 4% annual growth rate of conventional energy resources. (Lloyd & F... .... Solar Photovoltaic Installation in California: Understanding the Likelihood of Adoption Given Incentives, Electricity Pricing and Consumer Characteristics. Duke University, USA. [Found using CRS, Wiser, R., Barbose, G., & Peterman, C.] Sarzynski, A., Larrieu, J., & Shrimali, G. (2012). The impact of state financial incentives on market deployment of solar technology. Energy Policy, 46, 550-557. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2012.04.032 [EL] Tsoutsos, T., Frantzeskaki, N., & Gekas, V. (2005). Environmental impacts from the solar energy technologies. Energy Policy, 33, 289-296. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0301-4215(03)00241-6 [Conceptual] Zweibel, K. (2010). Should solar photovoltaics be deployed sooner because of long operating life at low, predictable cost? Energy Policy, 38(11), 7519-7530. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2010.07.040

Graduation Speech -- Graduation Speech, Commencement Address

It is probably a mistake that I am standing here giving a speech for graduation. In fact it is probably a mistake that I am even graduating from this school at all -- believe me, just as most people in this class I have tested the limits of attendance, of sleeplessness, and of procrastination. At the beginning of my high schooling, I was even testing dropping out ... and if that wasn't a mistake, I don't know what was. After four years of Starr altering our minds, it seemed most fitting for me to spend my four minutes talking about mistakes. Thank goodness for them, by the way -- it is only when we truly screw up big time that we are ever stopped in our tracks -- stopped, briefly, to learn lessons of worth. Sometimes, the value of mistakes are seen on a smaller scale; having a semester final turned back with more red marks than a Freshman without Clearasil. Isn't it then when we step back for a moment and look at ourselves? When on our Biology test we couldn't tell a cell from an atom, or an atom from an Eve; when on the math test, we pray to a higher power for a sign, and he give...

The Influence of Family Functioning on Eating Disorders Essay -- Relat

The Influence of Family Functioning on Eating Disorders Understanding the etiology of an eating disorder is perhaps the most complicated issue surrounding the disease, as teasing apart cause and consequence can be extremely difficult. This problem becomes immediately apparent when examining family factors associated with eating disorders. Research over the past decade has focused largely on identifying family factors that potentially contribute to the development of an eating disorder in an individual, and further refining these characteristics into prototypes for the â€Å"anorexic family† or the â€Å"bulimic family.† Identifying a pattern of specific family risk factors would be an extremely useful tool in recognizing those vulnerable for developing an eating disorder. While the research has been unable to paint an entirely complete picture of family characteristics, certain traits surface as typical to the eating disordered family. Unfortunately, much of the existing literature on family factors and eati ng disorders relies upon correlational data, as controlled studies are difficult to conduct within a family setting. Caution must therefore be applied to such findings, as one cannot assume causality; based on strictly correlational studies alone, it cannot be determined whether the family environment caused the eating disorder, or whether the eating disorder led to family dysfunction. Nevertheless, it remains useful to examine any significant factors that emerge from the literature in order to increase understanding about each potential factor influencing the development of eating disorders. Although they both fall into the common continuum of eating disorders, anorexia nervosa (restricting subt... ...(1986). Bulimia: assessment of eating, Psychological adjustment, and familial characteristics. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 5(5), 865-878. Scalf-McIver, L. & Thompson, J.K. (1989). Family correlates of bulimic characteristics in college females. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 45(3), 467-472. Stern, S.L., Dixon, K.L., Jones, D., Lake, M., Nemzer, E., & Sansone, R. (1989). Family Environment in anorexia and bulimia. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 8(1), 25-31. Thienemann, M. & Steiner, H. (1993). Family environment of eating disordered and depressed adolescents. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 14(1), 43 48. Walsh, B.T. & Garner, D.M. (1997). Diagnostic issues. In D.M. Garner & P.E. Garfinkel (Eds.), Handbook for the Treatment of Eating Disorders (pp. 25-33). New York: The Guilford Press.

Literary Theory Essay on Dryden’s ‘an Essay on Dramatic Poesy’

Mimesis, the Greek word for imitation, has been of major importance in the history of aesthetic and literary theory. It is the earlier way to judge any work of art in relation to reality and to decide whether its representation is accurate or not. Though this mode starts from Plato, it runs through many great theorists of Renaissance up to some modern theorists as well. A literary work is taken to be a representation of reality or of any aspect of it.Plato holds a rather negative view on mimesis; he sees the work of an artist as a simple imitation of imitations, a work that is removed from the essence of nature and one that represents imagination rather than truth, thus introducing the audience to a world of illusions. Aristotle, on the other hand, treats imitation as a basic human faculty, which expresses itself in arts like Literature, music and painting. Unlike Plato, Aristotle believes that it is ungrateful to consider imitation as a mere copy or reflection of reality since it in volves a complex meditation of nature that reveals human creativity.It is therefore considered as a human Art. This essay deals essentially with the neoclassical conception of Mimesis, and the attitude of the neoclassicist John Dryden towards the ancient literary theory. Neoclassicism was a widespread and influential movement in literature and visual arts enduring from the early 17th century until around 1750 . Neoclassical writers looked to ancient Greek and Roman writers for inspiration and guidance and reaffirmed literary composition as a rational and rule-bound process, requiring a great deal of craft, labor and study.Central to neoclassical literary theory and practice was the concept of imitation; In the Neoclassical view , Mimesis has been understood as the imitation of nature as objects or phenomena , which means in effect , that literature imitates other modes of discourse , such as philosophy ,ethics , rhetoric , the natural and social sciences , religion , psychology or l inguistics . Neoclassicists believed that writers should strive to achieve excellence by imitating those great writers of the past rather than by trying to be original and innovative.The essence of Art thus becomes reinvention and rediscovery. The complex notion of nature, which was closely related to the notion of imitation, referred to aspects of the real world and human behavior, to what was central, timeless, and universal in human experience. The Neoclassical writers generally saw the ancients such as Homer and Aristotle as having already discovered and expressed the fundamental laws of nature . Hence , the external world, including the world of human action , could best be expressed by modern writers if they followed the path of imitation already paved by the ancients.Invention was of course allowed but only as a modification of past models, not in the form of a rupture. The Neo-classicist theorist John Dryden is known for his support of the theory and practice of the Greek an d Roman writers of antiquity and his belief in the necessity of a continuation and development of the rules set by the ancients. Dryden and his contemporaries looked upon the ancients as their models. By â€Å"the ancients† they generally meant the ancient writers.Seneca provided the model for tragedy, Terence and Plautus for comedy, Virgil for epic, Horace and Juvenal for satire, Pindar for odes, and Horace for literary criticism. Of all the ancient Roman writers, Dryden respected Virgil the most and repeatedly acknowledged him as his master and guide. Dryden emphasizes the importance of following the classic models with a sense of innovation and originality. He believes that poetry has a historical development, and he wishes â€Å"that poetry may not go backward, when all other arts and sciences are advancing. This refers to his belief in the ability of following the models and the experience of the ancients and trying to get beyond them. The neoclassical era is not partic ularly sensitive to originality and invention, but Dryden believes that originality is to be preferred to good imitation, and is a greater proof of genius. Dryden opposes Aristotle in believing that the plot is the first of all elements in a play and the basis on which the others are built, he believes that it’s rather the author's language, the diction and thought, that form the basis of a play.He also opposes the strongly conventionalized characters and plots of Roman comedies, asking for a wider imitation of nature, although he also appreciates the advantages of structural simplicity, but the interest of the plot and the characters is also to be found in variety and not simply in a well-defined structure. In variety we recognize human behavior, real life, and the essence of nature. John Dryden’s essay â€Å"An essay on Dramatic Poesy† gives an explicit account of neoclassical theory of art in general.He defends the classical drama standing on the line of Aris totle, saying that it is an imitation of life, and that it reflects human nature clearly. The essay is written in the form of dialogue concerned to four gentlemen: Eugenius, Crites, Lisideius and Neander. Neander seems to speak for Dryden himself. Eugenius takes the side of the modern English dramatists by criticizing the faults of the classical playwright. Crites defends the ancient , he opposes the use of rhyme in plays and argues that through the moderns excel in science ,the ancient age was the true age of poetry .He notes that poetry is now held in lower esteem , in an atmosphere of ‘Few good poets and so many severe judges’ , his essential argument is that the ancients were faithful imitators and wise observers of nature which is ‘ill represented in our plays ‘ he states that ‘they have handed down to us a perfect resemblance of her (nature) which we , like ill copiers , neglecting to look on , have rendered monstrous and disfigured’ Lesid eius defends the French playwrights and attacks the English tendency to mix genres.He defines a play as a just and lively image of human nature, representing its passions and humors and the change of fortune to which it is subject, for the delight and instruction of mankind† A definition that is very different from Aristotle’s; the latter has defined tragedy not as the representation of ‘human nature’ but as the imitation of a serious and complete action. Neander who speaks for Dryden himself, favors the moderns, respects the ancients, and is critical to rigid rules of drama. He defends rhyme if it is in proper place .Neander argues that tragic comedy is the best form for a play; because it is the closest to life in which emotions are heightened by both mirth and sadness. He complains that the Ancients were either tragedians or comedians, and that it is easier to attain perfection in this way, writing only the kind of thing one does best. He states that thi s natural gift has to be controlled by techniques; the good writer must know the emotions he is depicting, and he must not get carried away by them in order to remain credible in the eyes of the audience. He also finds subplots as an integral part to enrich a play.Neander favors the violation of the unities of time , place and action because it leads to the variety to the English plays, he argues that the unities have a narrowing effect on the play . The violation of unities helps the English dramatists present a mere, just and lively image of human nature. Neoclassicism comprised a return to the classical models, literary styles and values of ancient Greek and Roman authors , but if Dryden is neoclassical , it is in the sense that he acknowledges the classics as having furnished archetypes for drama , but modern writers are at liberty to create their own archetypes and their own literary traditions.